The Sky as an Instrument - Proceedings of the 1st Italian Congress of Cultural Astronomy

This interdisciplinary book aims to foster dialogue among astrophysicists, cosmologists, and experts from diverse fields, including history, archaeoastronomy, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, theology, and the arts. Originating from a unique conference organized by INAF–IASF of Palermo and the INAF Observatory in the same city, the book focuses on the intersection of astrophysical research and the humanities to elevate Cultural Astronomy, a field that explores how the study of the cosmos shapes human cultural evolution and bridges scientific and humanistic perspectives. The meeting sought to dispel misconceptions that Cultural Astronomy is merely another form of science popularization or is confined to ancient or indigenous astronomical sciences. Instead, it emphasizes rigorous, cross-disciplinary research with methodologies spanning history, anthropology, modern sociology, and law. This work aims to build collaborations between scientific and humanistic communities, integrating insights from university students to encourage future "amphibious" researchers skilled in both the hard sciences and the humanities. In examining humanity’s relationship with the cosmos, this collection of essays highlights how advances in astronomy and astrophysics influence our awareness in both terrestrial and cosmic contexts. By analyzing the universe’s mysteries, researchers expand not only scientific and technological understanding but also contribute profoundly to human cultural and existential knowledge.