Law and Politics of Virtual Worlds

This book offers a timely and in-depth analysis of how Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and metaverse technologies are reshaping key legal concepts and regulatory frameworks in the digital age. As blockchain-based assets and immersive virtual environments gain traction across industries—from finance and art to gaming and social interaction—they challenge foundational assumptions about property, contract, jurisdiction, and democratic governance. NFTs and Metaverses versus Law explores the legal disruptions triggered by these technologies through a multidimensional structure that blends doctrinal insight with regulatory and policy relevance. The volume is organized into six thematic parts: it opens by clarifying core terminology and the constitutional implications of digital governance, then addresses how NFTs interact with financial market rules and investor protection. It examines the redefinition of ownership through tokenization, the challenges of smart contract enforceability, the risks of market concentration in decentralized ecosystems, and the emerging tensions between data protection and personalization in virtual spaces. Throughout, the book highlights regulatory gaps and tensions, especially in transnational digital contexts where territorial sovereignty collides with borderless code. Drawing on developments in the European Union—such as the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR), the Digital Services Act (DSA), and the Digital Markets Act (DMA)—the analysis connects legal theory with concrete regulatory responses. Accessible yet rigorous, this work speaks to scholars, practitioners, and regulators alike. It provides both analytical tools and practical perspectives for navigating legal change in an era where digital assets hold real-world value and virtual worlds increasingly intersect with our social, economic, and legal systems. NFTs and Metaverses versus Law does not merely describe a transformation in legal thinking—it contributes to shaping its direction.