Military Technology and Artificial Intelligence

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems is reshaping defense, security, aviation, and military operations. Driven by geopolitical instability, cyber conflict, and emerging hybrid threats, nations are increasingly investing in AI to enhance decision-making, operational efficiency, and situational awareness across all domains. Technologies such as autonomous systems, UAVs, intelligent surveillance, advanced sensing, and large-scale data-processing models are becoming central to modern military capabilities. However, their adoption raises critical challenges related to trust, explainability, accountability, uncertainty, and human oversight, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary research. The book Military Technology and Artificial Intelligence: Real-World Applications and Innovations provides a comprehensive overview of current developments and future directions in AI-enabled defense systems. It brings together global contributions from researchers and practitioners, presenting new methodologies, experimental results, and critical perspectives on AI in military contexts. The volume is structured into three parts. The first examines foundational concepts, including trustworthy autonomous systems, AI-driven camouflage, hyperspectral sensing, and the use of foundation models such as large language models for intelligence and decision support. The second focuses on intelligent sensing, aviation, and simulation, covering topics such as facial recognition in degraded conditions, AI in aviation safety, pilot training simulations, neuromorphic vision, and data-driven performance analysis. The third explores applications in contested environments, including UAV navigation without GNSS, AI in materials science, cyber and space defense integration, and advanced cybersecurity challenges such as adversarial AI and deepfake threats. Overall, the book highlights the transformative impact of AI on defense while emphasizing the technical, ethical, and strategic challenges that accompany its deployment.