Implementation of Different Muscle Models and their Neural Control in a Virtual Experiment Using Unity3D

The relationship between the structure of the nervous system and resulting behavior is a central question in neuroscience. This book investigates this relationship using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and translates it into a physically based real-time simulation framework. The work focuses on the development and implementation of a performant muscle model within the Unity3D environment, aimed at capturing the coupling between neuronal activity and biomechanical motion. The simulation includes procedural generation of nematode geometry and real-time muscle activation implemented in C#. Its behavior is evaluated using key biomechanical measures such as force–length and force–velocity relationships as well as temporal response characteristics and compared to theoretical reference models. Results show that the model reproduces essential features of muscular contraction under neuronal stimulation in real time, while also highlighting limitations—particularly regarding viscous effects. Overall, the work demonstrates the potential of real-time neuromechanical simulation and outlines directions toward a more complete model of C. elegans behavior.