Monitoring and Optimal Operation of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

This book presents a comprehensive body of work on modelling, estimation, and operational management of vanadium redox flow batteries, an emerging technology for stationary energy storage and renewable-energy integration. It first develops device-tailored models to capture the key phenomena governing battery behaviour and performance. It then analyses electrolyte-imbalance mechanisms and proposes an optimal electrolyte remixing strategy to mitigate capacity loss while reducing maintenance needs and operational disruption. Building on this foundation, the book introduces observer-based algorithms for real-time estimation of key variables such as vanadium species concentrations, State of Charge and State of Health using readily available measurements, improving accuracy and robustness without additional sensing infrastructure. Finally, it presents a control architecture that exploits the estimated information to enhance safe operation, efficiency, and capacity retention. The proposed methods are conceptually developed and rigorously justified and are validated through a combination of simulation and experimental studies. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and engineers working on control systems, battery management, and electrochemical energy storage.