Identity at the Margins

This book delves into the multifaceted identity formations of the Yarsan, an ethno-religious minority in Iran's Kurdish region, from the 19th century to contemporary times. The author examines how Orientalists, intellectuals, Muslim religious figures, and the Iranian Shi'ite state have historically influenced and shaped Yarsan identities. These external depictions have categorized the Yarsan variably as a sect of Shi'ism, an ethno-mystical group, a heretical branch of Islam, or even devil-worshippers. In response to these external narratives, the Yarsan community has engaged in a dynamic process of self-definition. They assert their identity as a distinct religious minority, emphasizing aspects like gender equality, inclusive female roles, devotional music, sacred ritual performances, and eco-spirituality. This research employs textual analysis and critical comparative ethnography to explore the coexistence of multiple, complex identities within the Yarsan community. These identities are shown to be fluid and continuously negotiated both internally and in relation to external perceptions, challenging rigid categorizations. The book offers significant insights into the mechanisms through which minority religious groups articulate, maintain, and adapt their identities over time. It highlights the continuous interplay between external influences and internal responses in shaping these identities, contributing to a deeper understanding of identity formation and transformation within minority religious communities.