Advancing European Vocational Education and Training

This book examines how European vocational education and training (VET) can move beyond fragmented reforms towards coherent, systemic transformation. Set against the backdrop of climate change, digitalisation, demographic shifts, and geopolitical uncertainty, it argues that VET is no longer a peripheral pathway but a strategic pillar of Europe’s resilience, competitiveness, and social cohesion. The chapters trace the historical evolution of European VET, identifying key milestones and comparing national models, including Germany’s established dual system and Romania’s ongoing reform trajectory. These developments are situated within major European Union (EU) policy frameworks such as the European Green Deal, the Digital Education Action Plan, and the European Skills Agenda. Going beyond diagnosis, this book advances a set of forward looking proposals, including a unified European VET framework, a dual certification mechanism to strengthen company engagement, and the establishment of a European Skills Intelligence Partnership in cooperation with technology actors. Positioning VET as a strategic lever rather than a secondary educational track, this book offers a clear roadmap for reform. By integrating academic analysis with concrete policy design, it serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, educators, industry leaders, and social partners committed to shaping a greener, more digital, and inclusive European future.