Sustainable Biofuel Development

This book examines the sustainability assessment of biofuel systems by integrating environmental, technical, and economic perspectives. It introduces the principles and methodological frameworks of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and their application to biofuel production and biorefinery systems. The book covers biomass characteristics and pretreatment, biochemical and thermochemical conversion routes, and the assessment of first-generation biofuels, lignocellulosic bioethanol, biogas, biomethane, biohydrogen, sustainable aviation fuels, and algal biofuels. It discusses process simulation, life-cycle modelling, economic evaluation, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence and digital twins for biofuel and biorefinery assessment. The book also considers certification systems, carbon governance, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), and policy frameworks relevant to low-carbon and net-zero biorefineries. Bringing together LCA, TEA, biofuel conversion technologies, and sustainability assessment, it is intended for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working in bioenergy, biorefineries, environmental assessment, and sustainable energy systems.